Differentiate between internet protocol and transport protocol with the help of examples.
Solution:
Internet protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation.
Provide computer-to-computer communication
Source and destination addresses are computers
This is also called machine-to-machine communication
Transport protocol
A communications protocol responsible for establishing a connection and ensuring that all data has arrived safely. It is defined in layer 4 of the OSI model. Often, the term transport protocol implies transport services, which includes the lower-level data link protocol that moves packets from one node to another.
Provide application-to-application communication
Need extended addressing mechanisms to identify applications.
Are called end-to-end communication
Q2. Describe the pros and cons of NAT?
Solution:
Network Address Translation or NAT is a technique that allows the translation of local network addresses or the internal IP addresses (used within an organization) into globally unique IP addresses that help identify an online resource in a unique manner over the Internet.
The process is also referred to as Network Masquerading or the Native Address Translation. Network Address Translation allows multiple resources within an organization or connected to a local LAN to use a single IP address to access the Internet.
PROS
• Use of a single registered IP address for an entire network
• Independence of ISP IP addresses
• Transparent to end systems in some cases (increased security)
• Delays need for IPv4 replacement
• Mask the true internal IP addresses of the internal network
CONS
• Breaks end-to-end model (the private IP space might already be in use)
• Enables end-to-end address conflicts (encourages poor address management)
• Increases local support burden and complexity
• Certain applications do not work properly in conjunction
o Certain NAT boxes don't allow member NT servers to talk to a PDC
o Applications needing encryption and key exchange might be problematic
• Increases the probability of mis-addressing
• It might require more work if assigning registered IPs to private IPs
• Possible performance degradation if you get close to the limit of about 25,000 connections
• Obscures the ability to manage from the public side of the NAT box.
Solution:
Internet protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation.
Provide computer-to-computer communication
Source and destination addresses are computers
This is also called machine-to-machine communication
Transport protocol
A communications protocol responsible for establishing a connection and ensuring that all data has arrived safely. It is defined in layer 4 of the OSI model. Often, the term transport protocol implies transport services, which includes the lower-level data link protocol that moves packets from one node to another.
Provide application-to-application communication
Need extended addressing mechanisms to identify applications.
Are called end-to-end communication
Q2. Describe the pros and cons of NAT?
Solution:
Network Address Translation or NAT is a technique that allows the translation of local network addresses or the internal IP addresses (used within an organization) into globally unique IP addresses that help identify an online resource in a unique manner over the Internet.
The process is also referred to as Network Masquerading or the Native Address Translation. Network Address Translation allows multiple resources within an organization or connected to a local LAN to use a single IP address to access the Internet.
PROS
• Use of a single registered IP address for an entire network
• Independence of ISP IP addresses
• Transparent to end systems in some cases (increased security)
• Delays need for IPv4 replacement
• Mask the true internal IP addresses of the internal network
CONS
• Breaks end-to-end model (the private IP space might already be in use)
• Enables end-to-end address conflicts (encourages poor address management)
• Increases local support burden and complexity
• Certain applications do not work properly in conjunction
o Certain NAT boxes don't allow member NT servers to talk to a PDC
o Applications needing encryption and key exchange might be problematic
• Increases the probability of mis-addressing
• It might require more work if assigning registered IPs to private IPs
• Possible performance degradation if you get close to the limit of about 25,000 connections
• Obscures the ability to manage from the public side of the NAT box.
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