STA 630 MID term 2009

Totals Marks is 50MCQ Marks =40 and One Big Question is Marks =10Today Paper of 10.30am1. Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality?a. quantitative researchb. qualitative researchc. mixed researchd. none of the above2. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings?a. quantitative researchb. qualitative researchc. mixed researchd. none of the above3. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?a. the collection of nonnumerical datab. an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypothesesc. research that is exploratoryd. research that attempts to generate a new theory4. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___.a. a constantb. a variablec. a cause-and-effect relationshipd. a descriptive relationship5. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):a. categorical variableb. dependent variablec. independent variabled. intervening variable6. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:a. it relies primarily on the collection of numerical datab. it can produce important knowledge about cause and effectc. it uses the deductive scientific methodd. it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment7. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:a. it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interestb. it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and picturesc. it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the worldd. it uses the inductive scientific method8. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships?a. nonexperimental Researchb. experimental Research9. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?a. extraneous variables are never presentb. a positive correlation usually existsc. a negative correlation usually existsd. manipulation of the independent variable10. In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable.a. basic researchb. quantitative researchc. experimental researchd. causal-comparative and correlational research11. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research?a. resistance to manipulationb. manipulation of the independent variablec. the use of open-ended questionsd. focuses only on local problems12.. A positive correlation is present when _______.a. two variables move in opposite directions.b. two variables move in the same direction.c. one variable goes up and one goes downd. several variables never change.13. Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known as ______.a. action researchb. basic researchc. quantitative researchd. mixed method researche. mixed model research14. Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______.a. action researchb. basic researchc. quantitative researchd. mixed method researche. mixed model research15.. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____?a. experimental researchb. historical researchc. replicationd. archival research16. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable.a. causal-comparative researchb. experimental researchc. ethnographyd. correlational research17.. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables?a. age, temperature, income, heightb. grade point average, anxiety level, reading performancec. gender, religion, ethnic groupd. both a and b18.. What is the opposite of a variable?a. a constantb. an extraneous variablec. a dependent variabled. a data set19. Which of the following is the type of nonexperimental research in which the primary independent variable of interest is categorical?a. causal-comparative researchb. experimental researchc. qualitative researchd. mixed research20. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?a. ageb. annual incomec. grade point averaged. religion21. In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________.a. variableb. methodc. constantd. control group22. When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing the relationship between two variables, it is very important to avoid _______.a. checking the strength of relationshipb. jumping to the conclusion of causalityc. checking the direction of the relationshipd. expressing a relationship with a correlation coefficient23. A researcher studies achievement by children in poorly funded elementary schools. She develops a model that posits parent involvement as an important variable. She believes that parent involvement has an impact on children by increasing their motivation to do school work. Thus, in her model, greater parent involvement leads to higher student motivation, which in turn creates higher student achievement. Student motivation is what kind of variable in this study?a. Manipulated variableb. Extraneous variablec. Confounding variabled. Mediating or intervening variable24. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?a. Experimentalb. Causal-comparativec. Correlationald. Ethnography25. Which correlation is the strongest?a. +.10b. -.95c. +.90d. -1.0026. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is:a. Positiveb. Negativec. Perfectd. They are not correlated27. Which of the following is necessary in obtaining informed consent?a. A description of the statistical analyses that will be carried outb. A description of the purpose of the researchc. A description of the reliability and validity of test instrumentsd. A list of publications that the researcher has had in the last ten years28. Which of the following need(s) to be obtained when doing research with children?a. Informed consent from the parent or guardianb. Assent from the child if he or she is capablec. Informed consent from the childd. Both a and b29. Which of the following is true about the use of deception in research?a. It should never be used b. It can be used anytimec. If there is deception in a study, the participants may need to be debriefedd. The use of deception must be outweighed by other benefits of the studye. Both c and d are true30. Which of the following generally cannot be done in qualitative studies conducted in the field?a. Getting informed consentb. Keeping participants from physical harmc. Maintaining consent formsd. Having full anonymity rather than just confidentiality 31.. What is the primary approach that is used by the IRB to assess the ethical acceptability of a research study?a. Utilitarianismb. Deontologyc. Ethical skepticismd. Comparativeism32.. Which of the following approaches says that ethical issues should be judged on the basis of some universal code?a. Deontologicalb. Ethical skepticismc. Utilitarianism33 Which of the following is not an ethical guideline for conducting research with humans?a. Getting informed consent of the participantb. Telling participants they must continue until the study has been completedc. Keeping participants’ identity anonymousd. Telling participants they are free to withdraw at any time34. Which of the three ethics approaches says research ethics should be a matter of the individual's conscience?a. Deontological approachb. Ethical skepticismc. Utilitarianismd. Ontological skepticism35. Which of the following is not true?a. Misrepresenting and creating fraudulent data is dishonestb. Misrepresenting data is very easy to detectc. Misrepresenting data can be difficult to detectd. Breaking confidentiality is not a problem36. Ideally, the research participant's identity is not known to the researcher. This is called:a. Anonymityb. Confidentialityc. Deceptiond. Desensitizing37. Which of the following approaches taken by people to resolve ethical issues is the primary approach used by the federal government and most professional organizations?a. Deontological approachb. Ethical skepticismc. Utilitarianismd. None of the above38. What is it called when the participants are not revealed to any one but researcher and staff?a. Confidentialityb. Anonymityc. Ethicsd. Discretion39. Research participants must give what before they can participate in a study?a. Guidelinesb. A commitmentc. Informed consentd. Private information40. There are three basic approaches that people tend to adopt when consideringethical issues in research. Which one of the following is not one of the approaches?a. Ethical skepticismb. Deontologyc. Ontologyd. UtilitarianismO.41 What is Descriptive research ? What is Goals of Descriptive Research ? Marks 10

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STA630- Research Methods
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWho, among the following, wrote the book "Research Methods for Business"?► Zikmund, W.► Sekaran, U.► Dessler, G.► Neuman, W.C.Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhat does an empiricist believe?► All the knowledge that we have of life after death can be used in research.► Knowledge in the form of 'facts' should be gained through sensory experience.► Research conducted within the British Empire was biased and unreliable.► Research should not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods.Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneAction research usually takes place in a single school because;► It is designed to answer questions about improving practice in a particular setting.► It is difficult to secure permission to study students in multiple schools.► Teachers do not have the necessary skills to conduct research across multiple settings.► Data collection methods used in action research are designed for single settings.Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is characteristic of action research?► Variables are tightly controlled.► Results are generalizable.► Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships.► Data are usually qualitative.Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following statements is TRUE for qualitative research question?► It asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored.► It is generally an open-ended question.► It asks a question which may be open ended.► It asks a closed ended question.Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is NOT an example of quantitative variable?► Age► Grade point average► Gender► MotivationQuestion No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneIn research, something that does not “vary” is known as:► Variable► Method► Constant ► Control groupQuestion No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneThe cause variable or the one that identifies forces or conditions that act on something else is known as:► Moderating variable► Independent variable► Categorical variable► Dependent variableQuestion No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following statements best defines hypothesis?► A quantitative study.► A tentative prediction of the results of the research.► A qualitative research design.► The operational definition of the study.Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is the characteristic/s of Hypotheses in qualitative research studies?► Hypotheses are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study.► Hypotheses are never used.► Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed. ► Hypotheses are always stated after the research study has been completed.Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneHypothesis test may also be called as: ► Informal test► Moderating test► Significance test► t-testQuestion No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following refers to "A review that only demonstrates familiarity with an area is rarely published but it often is part of an educational program is which type of review"?► Integrative review► Theoretical review► Self-study review► Historical reviewQuestion No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich one of the following tasks is NOT accomplished by theoretical framework?► Elaborate the relationship among the variables► Explain the logic underlying the relationship between the variables.► Describe the nature, and direction of the relationships among the variables.► Relates the previous studies. Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following strategies is useful when defining a particular research question?► To clearly articulate the research question, to provide operational, definitions and ensuring its testability.► To clearly articulate the research question, outlining the conditions in which the phenomena of interest are to be investigated.► To provide operational definitions of the ideas or concepts involved in the research.► Ensuring that their research question is empirically testable.Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhat should the business researcher be aware of when signing a confidentiality agreement?► Any clause which limits the length of a questionnaire. ► Any clause which allows the company to comment on findings that will be published. ► Any clause which increases the level of access for the researcher. ► Any clause which guarantees the anonymity of research participants. Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneIn a study of concept learning in first-graders, all of the following should happen, except;► To help make the experience enjoyable, children should be given substantial incentives to participate.► The children should be asked if they want to participate.► Teachers of the children in their classes should give informed consent.► Parents must give consent.Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is least likely to occur as an ethical problem with electronic research?► Privacy could be invaded.► People are not likely to be able to stop once they have begun participating.► Debriefing could be avoided.► Informed consent cannot be completely monitored.Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneQuantitative research has been criticised because: ► The reliance on instruments and procedures makes it high in ecological validity. ► The measurement process suggests a spurious and artificial sense of accuracy. ► It underestimates the similarities between objects in the natural and social worlds. ► It has no validity. Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is a characteristic of a standardized test?► The administration of the test is controlled carefully to ensure that all examinees experience the same conditions.► The test is developed by experts to ensure it is technically sound.► The scores are interpreted in standard ways.► All of the given optionsQuestion No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneMr. Latif is measuring students' attitudes on a controversial topic. Which of the following would you recommend he use to control for the potential problem of students feeling the need to respond with socially acceptable responses? ► Ensure construct validity► Allow anonymous responses► Ensure reliability► Ensure confidentialityQuestion No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following scales can measure the Temperature?► Nominal scale► Ordinal scale► Interval scale► All of the given optionsQuestion No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneFollowing are the properties of nominal scale, except;► Least powerful► Suggest no order► Provide categorical information► Provide magnitude of objectQuestion No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is NOT the implication of Ordinal scale?► Characteristics of nominal scale► Rank the object► Does not provide magnitude of object► Provide rate Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following statements is correct about validity and reliability?► When internal validity is high, external validity is low► When internal validity is high, there is no change in external validity► When internal validity is high, external validity is also high► All of the given optionsQuestion No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhen you are confident that the experimental manipulation produced the changes you measured in the dependent variable, your study probably has good ________ validity.► Internal► External► Causal► ConstructQuestion No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneMr. Ali has conducted an extensive review of the literature and has deductively reasoned a hypothesis about his problem on the basis of this review. Which type of a research plan is Mr. Ali likely proposing? ►Qualitative► Ethical► Both quantitative and qualitative► QuantitativeQuestion No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is a legitimate purpose of a research plan?► It forces you to think through every aspect of a study.► It provides detailed procedures to guide the conduct of the study.► It provides clear roadmap of the study.► Writing a plan facilitates the evaluation of it.Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneIn the statement 'Smoke badly destroys health of people' what is the unit of analysis? ► Transportation ► Individuals ► Pollutants► DrugsQuestion No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhile studying supervisor-subordinate relationship in an organization, what is the unit of analysis?► Individual► Dyad ► Employer-employee► OrganizationQuestion No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following types of survey research is often used for program evaluation or accreditation purposes? ► Developmental surveys► Followup studies► Public opinion polls► No survey research is appropriateQuestion No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is NOT an example of a problem with using survey research to investigate behaviour?► Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.► Respondents may inadvertently omit key terms in the question.► Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening question. ► Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely to be identified. Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhat should the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate? ► Copy responses and paste them again. ► Abandon the research project entirely. ► Recognize and accept the possible limitations of a low response rate. ► Fill in some more questionnaires themselves. Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following statements is correct about questionnaire?► A questionnaire should run to at least twenty pages. ► The questions should have no spaces between them so that the whole questionnaire looks small. ► Only questionnaires that are A3 size achieve high response rates. ► Clear presentation is more important than overall size. Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneCritical decision area in questionnaire construction is which of the following?► Question content► Question wording► Response strategy► All of the given optionsQuestion No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The most critical area of an article to read is;
► Introduction► Abstract► Results section► LimitationsQuestion No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is/are advantage(s) of the self-completed questionnaire?► Inability to confirm who completed the questionnaire► Its unsuitability for some kinds of respondents► Inability to ask many questions that are not directly relevant to the respondent ► Easy to justify the answer Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneTime consumed in mall intercept interview is representing which of the following type? ► High► Moderate► Low► NillQuestion No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following similarity is found in Qualitative research and Survey research?
► Examine topics primarily from the participants' perspectives.► They are guided by predetermined variables to study.► They are descriptive research methods.► Have large sample sizes.Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following represent a good qualitative problem statement? ► Defines the independent and dependent variables.► conveys a sense of emerging design. ► Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested.► Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find.Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following makes research questions very crucial?
► Guide your decisions about what data to collect and from where. ► Help you decide which research area interests you. ► Ensure that your findings have external validity. ► Prevent you from thinking about research strategies. Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 ) How would you explain "Research Proposal" and its different sections?

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HOW TO CONDUCT INTERVIEW AT MALL AND AT TRAFIC AREAS? EXPLAIN THE CONSIDERATION FOR IT AND ALSO THE SOURCE OF COLLECTING THE DATA???OVER ALL PAPER from FIRST 4 LECTURES AND LAST 4 LECTURES HYPOSTHESIS VARIABLES (OBJECTIVE)