STA630 Ass Sol

 Scenario :

A well known investing company of Pakistan hired a number of new employees. For the sake of their training they selected two methods. One method was to introduce them with the practical work and show them the real picture of the stock exchange, how it worked. The second method was to train them through classroom training. To see the effectiveness of each method they randomly selected the new employees for each type of training. Before that they had filled out an initial questionnaire with little difficulty level to see the previous knowledge, the employees had about the stock exchange. They assigned 10 employees for each type of training. Meanwhile Pakistan television started a new program for investors. All the new employees took keen interest in that program. During the training two employees from the first group and one from the second group left the organization. Some of the employees felt that the training program was quite lengthy. After the training, organization conducted a second questionnaire with a higher difficulty level than the previous one. The employees showed the same results.

Solution :

In this scenario,following threats to internal validity exist:

History effects

In the scenario above , Pakistan television program was the history effect which was an external even out of control of management.All the employees take much interest in that program due to which the validity of the training influence adversely.

Maturation effect

In the scenario above , the length of time was too much according to some employees .And 3 employees left the training due to the fact that they were getting bored from training program..Thats why this threat to internal validity exist in scenario.

Testing effect

This effect also exist in this scenario ,As the questions asked in pretest influence the performance of employees adversely.

Instrumentation effect

This is another threat to internal validity which exist in this scenario.

The question asked in pretest were quite easy than the questions asked in posttest.Which influence the result of training program adversely.(www.vunew.blogspot.com)

Mortality

Mortality effect of threat to the internal validity exist I this scenario , as some of the employees left organization during program .Which contaminate the program because leaving of some members hinder the training process and make it difficult to intreprete the exact result.

Following threats to internal validity does not exist in the scenario above.

Selection bias effect

This is the threat which exist due to non random selection of subjects for 2 comparison groups.Whereas in scenario above members of 2 groups were selected randomly.So, there was no selection differentiation in scenario.

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New STA630 Quiz

Question # 1 of 20 ( Start time: 01:57:02 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is not example of historical comparative research?
Select correct option:



Social Forms

Turnover

Civil Wars

Economic Forms

Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 01:58:24 PM ) Total Marks: 1
What is ordinal data?
Select correct option:



Ordinary data

Well behaved data

Ranked data

Numbers

Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 01:59:57 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following number of variables involved in Descriptive Statistics?
Select correct option:



Bivariate

Multivariate

Univariate

All of the given options

Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 02:00:34 PM ) Total Marks: 1
If a nominal scale is used, it is permissible to calculate which of the following statistics?
Select correct option:



Mean

Range

Percentile

Mode

Question # 5 of 20 ( Start time: 02:02:04 PM ) Total Marks: 1
A literature review requires;
Select correct option:



planning

clear writing

good writing

All of the given option

Question # 6 of 20 ( Start time: 02:03:26 PM ) Total Marks: 1
How can we determine if a test has good validity?
Select correct option:



It produces the same result when it is given at different times to the same ***** of people

It produces the same result no matter which version of the test is used

It measures what it is supposed to measure

All of the questions on it can be answered accurately by the subject

Question # 7 of 20 ( Start time: 02:04:46 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?
Select correct option:



Identify a topic.

Describe the procedures to collect information.

Analyze the collected information.

State the results of the data analysis.

Question # 8 of 20 ( Start time: 02:06:15 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following terms refers to a statistical method that can be used to statistically equate groups on a pretest or some other variable?
Select correct option:



Experimental control

Differential influence

Matching

Analysis of covariance

Question # 9 of 20 ( Start time: 02:07:40 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following would NOT NECESSARILY be an assigned variable?
Select correct option:



Self-concept

Participation in extracurricular activities

Attitude toward school

Father's level of education

Question # 10 of 20 ( Start time: 02:08:57 PM ) Total Marks: 1
_________ meanings attached to a concept create problems of measurements.
Select correct option:



Unambiguous

Vague

Clear

Dictionary

Question # 11 of 20 ( Start time: 02:09:59 PM ) Total Marks: 1
When doing research involving deception with human subjects, researchers have an obligation to do which of the following?
Select correct option:



Tell subjects the truth about the study’s purpose and methods after the study is completed

Prevent mental and physical harm to subjects

Let subjects withdraw from the study at any time if they don’t want to keep participating

All of the given options

Question # 12 of 20 ( Start time: 02:11:19 PM ) Total Marks: 1
How is nominal data presented?
Select correct option:



In order

In discrete categories

Units of equal distance

Data where there is a true zero

Question # 13 of 20 ( Start time: 02:12:44 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Preliminary Data Collection may be considered as part of ----------------.
Select correct option:



Descriptive research

Explananory research

Exploratory research

All of the given options

Question # 14 of 20 ( Start time: 02:13:33 PM ) Total Marks: 1
What type of process research is?
Select correct option:



A process to discover the truth

A process to invent the machines

A process to make new medicines

A process to create theories

Question # 15 of 20 ( Start time: 02:15:01 PM ) Total Marks: 1
The findings from a study of decision making processes within a UK financial services company can be generalized to:
Select correct option:



Decision making processes in all financial services companies

Decision making processes in the all UK companies

Decision making processes in the researched companies

Companies all over the world

Question # 16 of 20 ( Start time: 02:16:31 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following refers to the partials replicate or reproduce the same relationship that existed in the bivariate table before considering the control variable?
Select correct option:



Replication pattern

Specification pattern

Suppressor variable pattern

Negative linear relationship

Question # 17 of 20 ( Start time: 02:17:36 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is a measure in which a researcher adds or combines several distinct indicators of a construct into a single score?
Select correct option:



Scale

Index

Unidimensionality

Weighting

Question # 18 of 20 ( Start time: 02:19:04 PM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the main purpose of pilot testing?
Select correct option:



To accumulate responses

To identify respondent

To identify potential problems

To evaluate the research

Question # 19 of 20 ( Start time: 02:20:30 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Why might qualitative researchers regard interviewing an attractive alternative to participant observation?
Select correct option:



It is easier to accommodate into the researchers personal life

It reduces the problem of reactivity

It is a considerably less time-consuming process

It gives a better insight into the day to day functioning of the research site

Question # 20 of 20 ( Start time: 02:22:01 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which measure of dispersion is easiest to calculate? Standard deviation?
Select correct option:



Mean

Range

Median

Mode

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STA630 Quiz # 5

 

Question # 20 of 20 ( Start time: 12:49:12 AM )           Total Marks: 1

The logic of purposive sampling is: 

Select correct option:

            That a random sample can generalize to a population.

            That a few information-rich participants studied in depth yield many insights about a topic.

            To include all participants, even though they are not all relevant to the problem.

            To use participants because the researcher has access to them.

Question # 19 of 20 ( Start time: 12:48:45 AM )           Total Marks: 1

An indicator of reliability based on the correlations of each item in a measure with every other item is called: 

Select correct option:

            Test-retest reliability

            Cronbach's alpha

            Split-half reliability

            Inter item ratio

Question # 18 of 20 ( Start time: 12:48:22 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Why does qualitative interviewing have an advantage over participant observation when it comes to longitudinal research? 

Select correct option:

            Repeat interviews are easier to organise.

            It allows for a better exploration of key issues.

            It is a more focused research method.

            Participant observers are prone to 'go native' during longitudinal research.

Question # 17 of 20 ( Start time: 12:48:01 AM )           Total Marks: 1

An operational definition is: 

Select correct option:

            One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.

            An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.

            A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures.

            One that refers to opera singers and their work.

Question # 16 of 20 ( Start time: 12:47:41 AM )           Total Marks: 1

To say that a theory is falsifiable is to say that;

Select correct option:

            It is based on results that are not replicable.

            Investigators have replaced it with a simpler or more accurate theory.

            We can imagine results that would contradict it.

            It is so vague that it fits any and all possible results.

Question # 15 of 20 ( Start time: 12:46:33 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which type of research address major societal change?

Select correct option:

            Experimental Research

            Action Research

            Social Research

            Historical Comparative Research

Question # 14 of 20 ( Start time: 12:45:56 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which term technically describes a situation in which an observer's work in a first-grade classroom disrupts the normal routines due to the curiosity of the students?

Select correct option:

            Observer effect

            Participant effect

            Non participant bias

            Observer bias

Question # 13 of 20 ( Start time: 12:45:15 AM )           Total Marks: 1

What is the variable called, in an experiment, which is manipulated by the researcher?

Select correct option:

            Stimulus

            Control

            Dependent

            Independent

Question # 12 of 20 ( Start time: 12:44:52 AM )           Total Marks: 1

If a measure is consistent over multiple occasions, it has: 

Select correct option:

            Inter-rater reliability

            Construct validity

            Internal validity

            Test-retest reliability

Question # 11 of 20 ( Start time: 12:44:32 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Bias is defined as; 

Select correct option:

            The distortion of responses based on gender, ethnicity, race, or language

            A lack of validity

            A lack of reliability

            A poor interpretation of a student's score

Question # 10 of 20 ( Start time: 12:43:12 AM )           Total Marks: 1

In frequency tables total of columns and rows are called:

Select correct option:

            Body of table

            Cell of table

            Area of table

            Marginal

Question # 9 of 20 ( Start time: 12:42:16 AM )             Total Marks: 1

What type of the interview that is in which questions are already prepared? 

Select correct option:

            Telephonic interview

            Personal interview

            Unstructured interview

            Structured interview

Question # 8 of 20 ( Start time: 12:41:51 AM )             Total Marks: 1

All of these are characteristics of scientific methods of research except, it is;

Select correct option:

            Cumulative

            Deterministic

            Unethical

            Rationalism

Question # 7 of 20 ( Start time: 12:41:27 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is NOT an unethical issue? 

Select correct option:

            Invoicing irregularities

            Avoiding legal liability

            Misrepresenting results

            Seek approval for research

Question # 6 of 20 ( Start time: 12:40:44 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when thinking about their sample size? 

Select correct option:

            Time and cost.

            Non-response.

            Length of questionnaire.

            Heterogeneity of population.

Question # 5 of 20 ( Start time: 12:40:20 AM )             Total Marks: 1

A ________ scale only assigns numbers to objects to classify the objects according to the characteristic of interest. 

Select correct option:

            Ratio

            Nominal

            Interval

            Dichotomous

Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 12:39:33 AM )             Total Marks: 1

The logic of qualitative data analysis is described as: 

Select correct option:

            Objective

            Subjective

            Inductive

            Deductive

Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 12:39:05 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is the best hypothesis statement to address the research question, "What impact will the new advertising campaign have on use of Brand B?" 

Select correct option:

            The new advertising campaign will impact Brand B usage.

            The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B trial.

            The new advertising campaign will cause increased Brand B usage at the expense of Brand C.

            The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B's market penetration.

Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 12:38:43 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Detailed and unambiguous instructions are particularly important for: 

Select correct option:

            Computer-assisted telephone surveys

            Mail surveys

            Computer-assisted personal interviews

            Internet surveys

Question # 1 of 20 ( Start time: 12:37:47 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which of the following terms best describes data that were originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose?

Select correct option:

            Primary data

            Secondary data

            Experimental data

            Field notes

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STA630 Quiz # 4

 

Question # 20 of 20 ( Start time: 01:35:18 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is NOT an unethical issue? 

Select correct option:

            Invoicing irregularities

            Avoiding legal liability

            Misrepresenting results

            Seek approval for research

Question # 19 of 20 ( Start time: 01:33:59 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of Non-random sampling?

Select correct option:

            Cluster sampling

            Convenience sampling

            Quota sampling

            Purposive sampling

Question # 18 of 20 ( Start time: 01:32:38 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which one of the following is not an assumption of science? 

Select correct option:

            There are reoccurring patterns in the world.

            Events happen because of preceding causes.

            We can discover solutions to problems of interest.

            Theoretical explanations must agree with common sense.

Question # 17 of 20 ( Start time: 01:32:14 AM )           Total Marks: 1

After a researcher has stated the specific problem to be studied in an experiment, he must then develop a(n): 

Select correct option:

            Theory

            Conclusion

            Hypothesis

            Summary of the data

Question # 16 of 20 ( Start time: 01:31:34 AM )           Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is the best hypothesis statement to address the research question, "What impact will the new advertising campaign have on use of Brand B?" 

Select correct option:

            The new advertising campaign will impact Brand B usage.

            The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B trial.

            The new advertising campaign will cause increased Brand B usage at the expense of Brand C.

            The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B's market penetration.

Question # 15 of 20 ( Start time: 01:30:13 AM )           Total Marks: 1

A one tailed hypothesis predicts----------- 

Select correct option:

            The future

            The lottery result

            The frequency of the effect

            The direction of the effect

Setting quotas for hard-to-reach respondents is one way to minimize _______ bias. 

Select correct option:

            Interviewer

            Respondent

            Instrument

            Sampling

Question # 13 of 20 ( Start time: 01:27:29 AM )           Total Marks: 1

The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general indicates is: 

Select correct option:

            One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.

            An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.

            The degree of abstraction

            An operational definition

Question # 12 of 20 ( Start time: 01:26:04 AM )           Total Marks: 1

What is the purpose of a control group?

Select correct option:

            Make the experiment easier to analyze

            Show the value of the dependent variable when the independent variable is not being manipulated

            To be able to better evaluate the effect of the independent variable

            To control all variables

Question # 11 of 20 ( Start time: 01:24:42 AM )           Total Marks: 1

A measure has high internal consistency reliability when: 

Select correct option:

            Multiple observers make the same ratings using the measure.

            Participants score at the high end of the scale every time they complete the measure.

            Multiple observers obtain the same score every time they use the measure.

            Each of the items correlates with other items on the measure.

Question # 10 of 20 ( Start time: 01:24:22 AM )           Total Marks: 1

The purpose of a literature review is to: 

Select correct option:

            Help you find out what is already known about this area.

            Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.

            Demonstrate an awareness of the theoretical context in which the current study can be located.

            Find what is already known, identify gaps demonstrate awareness.

Question # 9 of 20 ( Start time: 01:23:17 AM )             Total Marks: 1

The extent to which we can generalize the results of a study to other participants is called: 

Select correct option:

            Sampling validity

            External validity

            Construct validity

            Internal validity

Question # 8 of 20 ( Start time: 01:21:56 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Why, as scientists, do we not want to rely on authority for explanations? 

Select correct option:

            Those in authority are often wrong.

            Those in authority cannot be challenged.

            Those in authority rely too much on objective information.

            Those in authority often have no common sense.

A ________ scale only assigns numbers to objects to classify the objects according to the characteristic of interest. 

Select correct option:

            Ratio

            Nominal

            Interval

            Dichotomous

Question # 6 of 20 ( Start time: 01:20:06 AM )             Total Marks: 1

You wish to make a precise estimate about the characteristics of a population of individuals. You should use: 

Select correct option:

            Quota sampling

            Probability sampling

            Accidental sampling

            Snowball sampling

Question # 5 of 20 ( Start time: 01:19:35 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Conditions favoring the use of a sample over a census include a: 

Select correct option:

            Long time frame

            Small budget

            High cost of sampling errors

            Low cost of non-sampling errors

Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 01:18:15 AM )             Total Marks: 1

A variable is: 

Select correct option:

            Any characteristic of interest that can take on more than one value

            Defined as the groups manipulated in experimental research

            The complete set of scores we use in statistical analysis

            Completely specified only in observational research

Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 01:17:40 AM )             Total Marks: 1

In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behaviour on employee performance' employee performance is the:

Select correct option:

            Independent variable

            Dependent variable

            Extraneous variable

            Causal variable

Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 01:16:41 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which of the following issues should NOT be mentioned in an introductory statement? 

Select correct option:

            The information will be kept confidential

            What the findings of the research are?

            Who is funding the research?

            Why the respondent has been chosen?

Question # 1 of 20 ( Start time: 01:15:16 AM )             Total Marks: 1

Which measure of dispersion is easiest to calculate? Standard deviation?

Select correct option:

            Mean

            Range

            Median

            Mode

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STA630 Quiz # 3

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Question # 20 of 20 ( Start time: 07:56:31 PM )            Total Marks: 1

To say that a theory is falsifiable is to say that;

Select correct option:

            It is based on results that are not replicable.

            Investigators have replaced it with a simpler or more accurate theory.

            We can imagine results that would contradict it.

            It is so vague that it fits any and all possible results.

Question # 19 of 20 ( Start time: 07:55:48 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Why does qualitative interviewing have an advantage over participant observation when it comes to longitudinal research? 

Select correct option:

            Repeat interviews are easier to organise.

            It allows for a better exploration of key issues.

            It is a more focused research method.

            Participant observers are prone to 'go native' during longitudinal research.

Question # 18 of 20 ( Start time: 07:55:23 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is the least obtrusive and most accurate method for recording data in an interview?

Select correct option:

            Note taking

            Videotaping

            Audiotaping

            Writing notes after the interview

Question # 17 of 20 ( Start time: 07:54:49 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Mr. Haris is interested in studying the shared beliefs and practices of the teachers in a small rural school. He is likely to use which research design? 

Select correct option:

            Action research

            Historical research

            Ethnography

            Grounded theory

Question # 16 of 20 ( Start time: 07:53:28 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is an example of an issue that would be checked in a pilot testing? 

Select correct option:

            Completion of all questions on a questionnaire

            Legible writing

            Single responses to all multiple choice questions

            Logical answers between questions (i.e., attributes should be rated high if purchase interest is high)

Question # 15 of 20 ( Start time: 07:52:51 PM )            Total Marks: 1

What is the basis of the Scientific Method?

Select correct option:

            To test hypotheses in conditions that are condusive to its success.

            To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis.

            To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully controlled conditions that challenge the hypothesis.

            To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned completely.

Question # 14 of 20 ( Start time: 07:51:30 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Which one of the following is not an assumption of science? 

Select correct option:

            There are reoccurring patterns in the world.

            Events happen because of preceding causes.

            We can discover solutions to problems of interest.

            Theoretical explanations must agree with common sense.

Question # 13 of 20 ( Start time: 07:50:38 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is an advantage of open questions? 

Select correct option:

            They allow respondents to answer in their own terms.

            They prevent respondents from giving unusual answers.

            They allow respondents to put less effort into their answer.

            They allow respondents to code their answers in advance.

Question # 12 of 20 ( Start time: 07:50:05 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Detailed and unambiguous instructions are particularly important for: 

Select correct option:

            Computer-assisted telephone surveys

            Mail surveys

            Computer-assisted personal interviews

            Internet surveys

Question # 11 of 20 ( Start time: 07:48:40 PM )            Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?

Select correct option:

            Making an inventory of variables

            Specify the direction of relationship

            Presenting findings

            Making an inventory of propositions

Question # 10 of 20 ( Start time: 07:47:59 PM )            Total Marks: 1

What type of sample involves some form of random selection so that every member of the sampling frame has an equal, non-zero chance of being included in the sample? 

Select correct option:

            Probability sample

            Zero-bias sample

            All-inclusive sample

            Non-probability sample

Question # 9 of 20 ( Start time: 07:47:39 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Research may differ along a series of dimensions. Which of the following may be applied to this statement?

Select correct option:

            The type of data collected.

            The data-collection technique.

            The level of manipulation used to elicit data collection.

            All of the given options

Question # 8 of 20 ( Start time: 07:47:14 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Procedures determining what two issues are rarely used in quantitative research? 

Select correct option:

            Objectivity and subjectivity

            Reliability and validity

            Accessibility and replicability

            Quality and quantity

Question # 7 of 20 ( Start time: 07:46:50 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Quantitative social researchers rarely claim to have established causality because: 

Select correct option:

            They are more concerned with publishing the results of their reliability tests.

            They do not believe that this is an appropriate goal to be striving for.

            They keep forgetting which of the variables they have manipulated.

            They tend to use cross-sectional designs, which produce only correlations.

Question # 6 of 20 ( Start time: 07:46:23 PM ) Total Marks: 1

The independent variable is; 

Select correct option:

            The variable manipulated in order to observe its effects

            The variable that is measured

            The free spirited variable

            A confounding variable

Question # 5 of 20 ( Start time: 07:45:43 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is not an unethical issue? 

Select correct option:

            Invoicing irregularities

            Avoiding legal liability

            Misrepresenting results

            None of the given options

Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 07:44:54 PM ) Total Marks: 1

All the persons involved in the collection of data and supervision of data collection process are called; 

Select correct option:

            Fieldworkers

            Researchers

            Research assistants

            None of the given options

Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 07:43:28 PM ) Total Marks: 1

What is ordinal data? 

Select correct option:

            Ordinary data

            Well behaved data

            Ranked data

            Numbers

Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 07:42:59 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is an example of deception in business research? 

Select correct option:

            The obtaining of company material without permission.

            The researcher wearing a disguise during an observation.

            The researcher representing their research as being about a different topic.

            The researcher failing to ask permission to interview someone.

Question # 1 of 20 ( Start time: 07:42:29 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Time consumed in mall intercept interview is---------------.

Select correct option:

            High

            Moderate

            Low

            Nil

 

STA630 QUIZ # 3

NOTE: - We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please BEST OF LUCK,


Thanks to those students those send me Assignments and quizzes. If you have any Assignment and quiz kindly send at jamilbookcenter@yahoo.com

Which of the following is least likely to occur as an ethical problem with e-research?

Select correct option:

People are not likely to be able to stop once they have begun participating.

Informed consent cannot be completely monitored.

Debriefing could be avoided.

Privacy could be invaded.

All of these are characteristics of scientific methods of research except, it is;

Select correct option:

Cumulative

Deterministic

Unethical

Rationalism

Which of the following is not an unethical issue?

Select correct option:

Invoicing irregularities

Avoiding legal liability

Misrepresenting results

None of the given options

Research may differ along a series of dimensions. Which of the following may be applied to this statement?

Select correct option:

The type of data collected.

The data-collection technique.

The level of manipulation used to elicit data collection.

All of the given options

Which one of the following creates problems of measurements of a concept?

Select correct option:

Unambiguous meanings

Vague meanings

Clear meanings

Dictionary meanings

What is the basis of the Scientific Method?

Select correct option:

To test hypotheses in conditions that are condusive to its success.

To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis.

To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully controlled conditions that challenge the hypothesis.

To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned completely.

Which of the following is likely to reduce the validity of a test?

Select correct option:

Unclear test directions

Ambiguous test items

Untaught items

All of the given options

One of the preoccupations of quantitative researchers is with generalization, which is a sign of:

Select correct option:

External validity

Internal reliability

External reliability

Internal validity

In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behaviour on employee performance' employee performance is the:

Select correct option:

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Extraneous variable

Causal variable

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research topic?

Select correct option:

It is ethical.

It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data.

It focuses on a philosophical or ethical issue.

It is theoretically or practically significant.

A telephone company is interested in obtaining customers' reactions to a new service package. Which of the following primary research methods would be most effective in reaching this audience to obtain their feedback?

Select correct option:

An Internet survey

Telephone interviews

A mail survey

Focus groups

Which of the following is NOT a longitudinal study?

Select correct option:

Trend study

Census study

Panel study

Cohort study

Which type of sampling strategy is exemplified by selecting two types of individuals: those who are extremely happy and those who are extremely sad?

Intensity

Measurement reliability refers to the:

Select correct option:

Accuracy of the scores

Consistency of the scores

Dependency of the scores

Comprehensiveness of the scores

Which of the following is the best hypothesis statement to address the research question, "What impact will the new advertising campaign have on use of Brand B?"

Select correct option:

The new advertising campaign will impact Brand B usage.

The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B trial.

The new advertising campaign will cause increased Brand B usage at the expense of Brand C.

The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B's market penetration.

Quantitative social researchers rarely claim to have established causality because:

Select correct option:

They are more concerned with publishing the results of their reliability tests.

They do not believe that this is an appropriate goal to be striving for.

They keep forgetting which of the variables they have manipulated.

They tend to use cross-sectional designs, which produce only correlations.

                                    Question # 2 of 20 ( Start time: 03:43:48 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Quantitative researcher's preoccupation with generalization is an attempt to:

Select correct option:

Develop the law like findings of the natural sciences.

Boost their chances of publication.

Enhance the internal validity of their research.

Demonstrate the complex techniques of statistical analysis.

Question # 3 of 20 ( Start time: 03:45:13 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is the least obtrusive and most accurate method for recording data in an interview?

Select correct option:

Note taking

Videotaping

Audiotaping

Writing notes after the interview

Question # 4 of 20 ( Start time: 03:46:41 PM ) Total Marks: 1

A researcher developed a measure of shyness and is now asking whether this measure does in fact measure a person's true state of shyness. This is a question of:

Select correct option:

Reactivity

Construct validity

Reliability

Content validity

Question # 5 of 20 ( Start time: 03:48:01 PM ) Total Marks: 1

A variable is:

Select correct option:

Any characteristic of interest that can take on more than one value

Defined as the groups manipulated in experimental research

The complete set of scores we use in statistical analysis

Completely specified only in observational research

Question # 15 of 20 ( Start time: 03:58:22 PM ) Total Marks: 1

All of the following are true about theories, except;

Select correct option:

They organize and summarize existing knowledge about a topic.

They are tentative until the facts prove them true.

They provide possible explanations for the phenomenon under study.

They lead to testable hypotheses through the process of deduction.

Question # 16 of 20 ( Start time: 03:59:44 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is an example of an issue that would be checked in a pilot testing?

Select correct option:

Completion of all questions on a questionnaire

Legible writing

Single responses to all multiple choice questions