Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Under which of the following, research method is not applicable?
► Business
► Government offices
► Imaginary worlds
► Health care
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
►Research solution
►Logic and arguments
►Reasoning
►Previous findings
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A teacher conducts an action research study of the problem-solving methods used by students in his ninth-grade Algebra I classes. Which of the following can he assume on the basis of his study?
►Results apply only to students in his ninth-grade Algebra I classes.
►Results apply only to students in Algebra I classes at his school.
►Results apply only to Algebra I students in ninth grade.
►Results apply to all math students.
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The part of the action research spiral that differentiates this research methodology from other kinds of research is;
►Looking at multiple sources of data.
►Taking action based on results.
►Thinking about or analyzing data in more than one way.
►The kinds of data that are collected.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
►Age
►Annual income
►Grade point average
►Religion
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
►Guides the direction of the study
►Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
►Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
►Determine feasibility of conducting the study
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Deductive research is useful in which of the following cases?
►The researcher uses an existing theory to develop a hypothesis.
►The researcher subjects a hypothesis to empirical scrutiny.
►The researcher has to transform concepts within a hypothesis into researchable entities.
►Use of existing theory, empirical scrutiny, transformation of concerpt.
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When embarking upon a research project, which of the following issues should be considered?
►That the data from the study will be treated anonymously and confidentially.
►Coherent research question, pilot work and confidentially.
►Pilot work should be carried out to assess the practical issues and feasibility of the research.
►That the research should be based upon a coherent research question.
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is likely to reduce the validity of a test?
►Unclear test directions
►Ambiguous test items
►Unclear, ambiguous and untaught items
►Untaught items
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following refers to Test reliability?
►The types of item-writing errors that exist in the test.
►Consistency in the test results.
►Generalizability of the research results.
►The extent to which the test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following functions is performed by the Ratio scale?
►Categorize
►Distance
►Order
►Unique origin
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is measured by the Interval scale?
►Order of the object
►Magnitude of the object
►Categorize the object
►All of the given options
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following is not a type of scales used in measurement of concepts?
►Normal Scale
►Ordinal Scale
►Interval scale
►Ratio Scale
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Procedures determining which of the following two issues are rarely used in quantitative research?
►Reliability and validity
►Accessibility and replicability
►Quality and quantity
►Objectivity and subjectivity
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a legitimate purpose of a research plan?
►It forces you to think through every aspect of a study.
►It provides detailed procedures to guide the conduct of the study.
►It provides clear roadmap of the study.
►Writing a plan facilitates the evaluation of it.
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements might assist response rates?
►Please photocopy the questionnaire five times and pass on to your work colleagues.
►Please make sure that the questionnaire is completed with a fountain pen.
►Please read the attached journal article on the ontological foundations of positivism prior to completing the questionnaire.
►Please put the completed questionnaire in the enclosed stamped addressed envelope and place in the mail out tray.
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What should the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate?
► Copy responses and paste them again.
► Abandon the research project entirely.
► Recognize and accept the possible limitations of a low response rate.
► Fill in some more questionnaires themselves.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an example of a question about normative standards and values?
► How many workers are employed at this plant?
► What is your attitude towards the management at this plant?
► Do you always cast your vote in trade union elections?
► Are you aware of the main features of the European Union Directive for informing and consulting employees?
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Questions that include negatives should be avoided because:
► The respondent may miss out the negative word.
► The respondent may be unsure how to answer if the question includes a double negative.
► The respondent may be led by the question.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is likely to happen if clear instructions are not given as to how the respondent should answer the question?
► Respondents may delete inappropriate answers rather than select appropriate ones.
► Respondents may choose only one answer when they need to choose as many as apply.
► Respondents may complete questions that are not relevant to them.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem with using social survey research to investigate behaviour?
► Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.
► Respondents may inadvertently omit key terms in the question.
► Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening question.
► Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely to be identified.
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Why should a business researcher record and transcribe interviews?
► It overcomes all possible ethical considerations.
► The response of participants can be more readily shared with senior management.
► It allows a more thorough examination of what the interviewee has said.
► It allows the researcher to demonstrate his/her technical proficiency.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Why does qualitative interviewing has an advantage over participant observation when it comes to longitudinal research?
► Repeat interviews are easier to organise.
► It allows for a better exploration of key issues.
► It is a more focused research method.
► Participant observers are prone to 'go native' during longitudinal research.
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Jamil is studying the use of individualized instruction with elementary school students. He is particularly interested in understanding what problems are encountered—and how those problems are resolved—when teachers switch to this approach. Which sampling strategy is he likely to use to select his sample?
► Intensity
► Convenience
► Purposive
► Quota
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The logic of purposive sampling is:
► To use participants because the researcher has access to them.
► That a random sample can generalize to a population.
► That a few information-rich participants studied in depth yield many insights about a topic.
► To include all participants, even though they are not all relevant to the problem.
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which type of sampling strategy is exemplified by selecting specific principals because faculty and colleagues the researcher has spoken to believe them to be highly effective?
► Intensity
► Homogeneous
► Snowball
► Quota
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of qualitative data?
► Rich descriptions
► Concise
► Voluminous
► Unorganized
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a drawback of a computerized analysis of data?
► The likelihood of re-examination of the data is diminished.
► The computer expedites the analysis of data but cannot code it.
► Analysis of qualitative data is best appreciated if a researcher has some experience doing so without a computer.
► Re-examination, lack of coding, analysis of qualitative data.
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a strategy that can guide data interpretation?
► Pay attention to your topic or research focus as it will help guide your selection of important parts of your data.
► Examine categories with large amounts of data as they are likely identifying important concepts.
► Examine existing studies related to your topic to identify potential interpretative frameworks.
► Pay attention to your preconceived notions of the meaning of the data as it reflects a "grounded" perspective.
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A measure that indicates the average performance of a ***** on some variable is known as;
► Mean
► Analysis of covariance
► Chi square
► Standard deviation
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which advice would you offer a novice researcher conducting his first observation?
► Observe only one behavior at a time
► Allow variables to emerge from the context
► Record behaviors only after leaving the site
► Develop a preconceived notion of what is going to help structure the observation
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is linked with an abstract model of underlying relations or causal mechanism?
► Historical comparative research
► Social research
► Action research
► Experimental research
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?
► Simple random sampling
► Systematic sampling
► Quota sampling
► Purposive sampling
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?
► Cluster sampling
► Simple random sampling
► Systematic sampling
► Proportional stratified sampling
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Determining the sample interval (represented by K), randomly selecting a number between 1 to K, and including each K element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling?
► Simple Random Sampling
► Stratified Random Sampling
► Systematic Sampling
► Cluster sampling
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following means that all the items in a scale or index fit together or measure a single construct?
► Scale
► Index
► Unidimensionality
► Weighing
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following refers to the partials replicate or reproduce the same relationship that existed in the bivariate table before considering the control variable?
► Replication pattern
► Specification pattern
► Suppressor variable pattern
► Negative linear relationship
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The design in which one ***** of research participants is administered a treatment and is then compared, on the dependent variable, with another ***** of research participants who did not receive the experimental treatment is known as:
► One-***** posttest-only design
► One-***** pretest-posttest design
► Posttest-only design with non-equivalent groups
► Time series design
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following refers to making inferences pertinent to the meaning and implications of the research investigation?
► Interpretation
► Conclusions
► Analysis
► Reporting
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following elements of Observation is/are included in Non Reactive research?
► External Appearance
► Count Behaviors
► Time Duration
► All of the given options
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is/are the Varieties of Non-Reactive Observations?
► Physical Traces
► Archives
► Observations
► All of the given options
Question No: 42 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the particular advantage of secondary analysis to business students?
► It is less challenging intellectually
► It guarantees positive results
► It is less expensive and less time consuming than primary analysis
► It enables students to gain experience of the workplace
Question No: 43 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following type of question represent this statement," Teacher should create a friendly environment in the classroom"?
► Loaded question
► Confusing question
► Burdensome question
► Leading question
Question No: 44 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is to convince reviewers that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the proposed research project?
► Literature review
► Research question
► Research proposal
► Research project
Question No: 45 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?
► Probability sampling
► Absolute sampling
► Relative sampling
► Non probability sampling
Question No: 46 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a marketing manager tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Lahore
► Judgment sample
► Convenience sample
► Stratified sample
► Cluster sample
Question No: 47 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ali is an interviewer and incorrectly entered respondents’ choices on ten surveys. This type of error is called:
► Non respondent error
► Random error
► Respondent error
► Editing error
Question No: 48 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a field interviewer records an impossible answer (e.g. birth date: 1850), this means that the data need to be:
► Coded
► Deleted
► Edited
► None of the given options
Question No: 49 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are software packages that can be used for data analysis EXCEPT:
► SPSS
► SAS
► Excel
► Word
Question No: 50 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called :
► Proportional stratified sample
► Balanced stratified sample
► Even stratified sample
► Primary stratified sample
Question No: 51 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which experimental design has the following symbols: O1 X O2?
► Solomon four-***** design
► Static ***** design
► One-***** pretest-posttest design
► None of the given options
Question No: 52 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is an example of a true experimental design?
► Pretest posttest control ***** design
► Non equivalent control ***** design
► One-shot case study design
► One-***** pretest posttest design
Question No: 53 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The researcher examining descriptive statistics for any particular variable is using which type of statistics?
► Multivariate
► Interval
► Univariate
► None of the given options
Question No: 54 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When salespeople are tested one year after a sales training program and perform better on the exam, not because of the training program, but because they have gained one year's experience in sales, this is an example of a:
► Selection effect
► Maturation effect
► History effect
► Cohort effect
Question No: 55 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Ali is concerned about potential problems with the reliability of his observers. Which strategy would you suggest, he should follow?
► Train his observers carefully
► Monitor his observers in the field
► Specify the observational variables
► All of the given options
Question No: 56 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which type of observer is likely to get a reasonable insight into the participant's views and develop a good rapport with him?
► Non participant
► Participant
► Structured participant
► All of the given options
Question No: 57 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is just an understanding the culture of people from their own perspective?
► Ethnography
► Non-Participant Observation
► Observer effect
► None of the given options
Question No: 58 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
How many independent variables are there in a comparative study investigating the effect of gender on empathy?
► It depends on how many levels of empathy are studied
► One
► There are no independent variables
► None of the given options
Question No: 59 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a manufacturer studies his most successful retailer in depth in order to determine some better ideas for displaying bicycles in its retail stores, this is an example of:
► An experiment
► A test market
► A case study
► Causal research
Question No: 60 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a good characteristic for a focus ***** moderator to possess?
► Good listener
► Ability to make people feel comfortable so that they will talk in the *****
► Ability to control discussion without being overbearing
► All of the given options
Question No: 61 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In a prepared report, what should follow the Methodology Section?
► Results
► References
► Title page
► Tables
Question No: 62 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
________ are the most important qualitative research procedure.
► Focus groups
► Depth interviews
► Case study
► All of the given options
Question No: 63 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Constructing a detailed moderator’s outline for use during the focus ***** interviews involves extensive discussions among the ______, _______, and ______.
► Researcher; moderator; and respondents
► Researcher; client; moderator
► Researcher; client; respondent
► Client; respondent; moderator
Question No: 64 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following represents this reference, “Cornett, M., Wiley, B. J., & Sankar, S. (1998). The pleasures of nurturing, London
► Book by more than one author
► Edited book
► Book by a single author
► Journal Article
Question No: 65 ( Marks: 3 )
Explain the use of filter questions?
Question No: 66 ( Marks: 5 )
How would you conduct a survey to collect Secondary Data? Explain it with the help of example.
Question No: 67 ( Marks: 10 )
What are major steps which are evaluated during pilot testing?
Question No: 68 ( Marks: 10 )
How observations can be structured in non-reactive research?
